THE NEW LOOK AT NEUTROPHILIC GRANULOCYTES: RETHINKING OLD DOGMAS. PART 1

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Abstract

Numerous modern basic research done undeniable fact that neutrophilic granulocytes (NG) are key effector and regulatory circuits both innate and adaptive immunity, and play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases. NG have potent receptor repertoire, providing a connection between them, cells of the immune system, as well as communication with endothelial cells, epithelial and other tissues. NG inducing stimuli activate and promote the translocation of cytoplasmic granules and vesicles surface molecules on the cytoplasmic membrane the secretion of a large spectrum of pro-and anti-inf lammatory, immunoregulatory cytokines, colony, angiogenic factors and fibrogenic, TNF superfamily members, chemokines, regulatory protein, etc. Chromatin nuclei NG capable of restructuring under the influence of inducing stimuli, which is associated with the expression of multiple cytokine genes. NG receiving complex cytokine inf luence not only acquire new features, but also in various stages of activation and differentiation processes involved in intracellular intraphagosomalis degranulation and killing of implementing elimination microorganisms and extracellular neutrophil degranulation in the formation neutrophil extracellular traps (NET), while this dying through NETosis. Features NG phenotype and their functional properties, demonstrate the existence of subpopulations of NG with different capabilities: equipment of different receptor, the ability to restructure chromatin expressing cytokine genes and secrete cytokines to implement the contents of the granular system, produce reactive oxygen species, implement cytotoxicity form NET. In our opinion, there subpopulation NG: regulatory; suppressor; proinf lammatory — initiating an inf lammatory response; inf lammation with a positive potential microbicidal (antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal); inf lammatory cytotoxic potential of the negative  — “aggressive”; anti-inf lammation regulating regression; antitumoral — TAN1; pro-tumoral — TAN2; hybrid, combining the characteristics of NG and dendritic cells. The absence of adequate response, or hyperactivation blockade NG functions leads to the development of low-intensity infectious and inf lammatory diseases, do not respond to conventional therapy of autoimmune diseases/chronic immune-dependent processes. Remodeling dysfunctions NG — the key to new immunotherapeutic strategies.

About the authors

I. V. Nesterova

Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia; Kuban State Medical University of Ministry of Health Development of Russia

Author for correspondence.
Email: inesterova1@yandex.ru

Irina V. Nesterova - PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Professor of the Department of Allergology and Immunology FAT MW of the MI PFUR; Chief Researcher, Department of Clinical and Experimental Immunology and Molecular Biology CSRL KSMU.

117513, Moscow, Leninsky pr., 123-1. Phone: +7 916 187-73-41 (mobile)

Russian Federation

N. V. Kolesnikova

Kuban State Medical University of Ministry of Health Development of Russia

Email: fake@neicon.ru

PhD, MD (Biology), Professor, Head of the CSRL KSMU

Krasnodar

Russian Federation

G. A. Chudilova

Kuban State Medical University of Ministry of Health Development of Russia

Email: fake@neicon.ru

PhD (Biology), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Clinical and Experimental Immunology and Molecular Biology of the CSRL, KSMU.

Krasnodar

Russian Federation

L. V. Lomtatidze

Kuban State Medical University of Ministry of Health Development of Russia

Email: fake@neicon.ru

PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Department of Clinical and Experimental Immunology and Molecular Biology of the CSRL KSMU.

Krasnodar

Russian Federation

S. V. Kovaleva

Kuban State Medical University of Ministry of Health Development of Russia

Email: fake@neicon.ru

PhD (Medicine), Senior Researcher, Department of Clinical and Experimental Immunology and Molecular Biology of the CSRL KSMU.

Krasnodar

Russian Federation

A. A. Evglevsky

Kuban State Medical University of Ministry of Health Development of Russia

Email: fake@neicon.ru

PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor, Senior Researcher, Department of Clinical and Experimental Immunology and Molecular Biology of the CSRL KSMU.

Krasnodar

Russian Federation

T.D. L. Nguyen

Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia

Email: fake@neicon.ru

Postgraduate Student of the Department of Allergology and Immunology FAT MW of the Medical Institute.

Moscow

Russian Federation

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