ПРОТЕКТИВНАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ АСКОРБИНОВОЙ КИСЛОТЫ ПРИ ГРИППОЗНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИИ

Резюме. Аскорбиновая кислота (витамин C, АК) является важным пищевым компонентом для человека благодаря ее роли в различных регуляторных и ферментативных процессах. АК принимает участие в таких жизненно важных физиологических процессах, как продукция гормонов, синтез коллагена, стимуляция иммунной системы и пр. В настоящем обзоре рассмотрена активность АК, обеспечивающая ее протективный эффект при гриппозной инфекции. Этот эффект может быть обусловлен прямой вирусингибирующей активностью АК, а также ее противовоспалительными и антиоксидантными свойствами. Окислительный стресс при гриппе ведет к неспецифическому повреждению ткани легких и развитию воспаления. Антиоксидантная активность АК приводит к облегчению течения инфекции вследствие снижения уровня повреждения ткани и ингибирования передачи сигнала и регуляторных реакций, опосредуемых активными формами кислорода (АФК). После окисления АФК АК превращается в дегидроаскорбиновую кислоту (ДАК) и ингибирует ключевые ферменты сигнального пути NF-κB, такие как киназы IKKα и IKKβ. Сама АК блокирует активность другого компонента пути NF-κB — киназу IKKβ(SS/EE), активность которой направлена на фосфорилирование фактора IκBα. В результате активации NF-κB и его транспорта в ядро не происходит. Таким образом, АК осуществляет двойную функцию: во-первых, нейтрализует свободные радикалы, предотвращая активацию ими NF-κB, и, во-вторых, продукт ее окисления, ДАК, дополнительно блокирует активацию этого сигнального пути. Кроме того, в некоторых случаях АК приводит к снижению инфекционной активности вируса, что обусловлено не антиоксидантными свойствами АК, а ее прямой противовирусной активностью. Вместе взятые, представленные данные свидетельствуют, что использование препаратов с противовирусной и антиоксидантной активностью как в виде комбинации, так и, как в случае с АК, в виде единого препарата с комплексной активностью, для лечения гриппа имеет преимущества перед этиотропной схемой лечения гриппа монопрепаратами.

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