Дендритные клетки в патогенезе вирусного гепатита С
Аннотация
Инфекция, вызванная вирусом гепатита С (HCV), является серьезной проблемой здравоохранения, поскольку в большинстве случаев (до 85%) приобретает хроническое течение и повышает риск развития цирроза печени, гепатоцеллюлярной карциномы и выраженных внепеченочных осложнений. Причины хронизации инфекции во многом связаны с недостаточностью противовирусного иммунного ответа. Эффективная элиминация вируса требует ранней активации врожденного иммунитета, индукции сильного HCV-специфического мультиэпитопного Т-клеточного ответа и формирования продолжительной иммунологической памяти. Дендритные клетки (DC), которые представляют гетерогенную популяцию антигенпрезентирующих клеток, являются продуцентами интерферонов первого типа, способны активировать натуральные киллерные клетки и индуцировать адаптивный иммунный ответ, выполняя, таким образом, важную роль в противовирусной защите. При этом нарушение функций DC при HCV-инфекции рассматривается в качестве одного из механизмов, позволяющих вирусу избежать иммунного надзора. Настоящий обзор включает современные данные, характеризующие роль DC в иммунном ответе при HCV-инфекции и освещает ряд ключевых вопросов, касающихся изменений фенотипа и функций различных субпопуляций DC у пациентов с вирусным гепатитом С, механизмов нарушения функциональной активности DC и перспектив лечения хронического гепатита С на основе использования генерированных ex vivo DC.
Ключевые слова
Об авторах
Е. Р ЧерныхЧерных Елена Рэмовна, член-корреспондент РАН, доктор мендицинских наук, профессор, зав. лабораторией клеточной иммунотерапии
Адрес для переписки: Черных Елена Рэмовна 630099, Россия, г. Новосибирск, ул. Ядринцевская, 14, ФГБНУ НИИ фундаментальной и клинической иммунологии. Тел.: 8 (383) 236-03-29. Факс: 8 (383) 222-70-28.
Е. А. Олейник
Олейник Екатерина Александровна, аспирант лаборатории клеточной иммунотерапии
О. Ю. Леплина
Леплина Ольга Юрьевна, доктор мендицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточной иммунотерапии
Н. М. Старостина
Старостина Наталья Михайловна, заслуженный врач РФ, кандидат медицинских наук, зав. отделением иммунологии Клиники иммунопатологии
А. А. Останин
Россия
Останин Александр Анатольевич, доктор мендицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточной иммунотерапии
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Для цитирования:
Черных Е.Р., Олейник Е.А., Леплина О.Ю., Старостина Н.М., Останин А.А. Дендритные клетки в патогенезе вирусного гепатита С. Инфекция и иммунитет. 2019;9(2):239-252. https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-2019-2-239-252
For citation:
Chernykh E.R., Oleynik E.A., Leplina O.Y., Starostina N.M., Ostanin A.A. Dendritic cells in the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis C. Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity. 2019;9(2):239-252. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-2019-2-239-252