SAPOSIN-LIKE PROTEINS IN ANTI-INFECTIOUS IMMUNE RESPONSE

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Abstract. Besides the multiple hydrolytic enzymes, lysosomes are equipped with proteins apt to activate sphyngo-lipids — saposins (SAP). SAP belong to a broad and diverse family of moderate-size (~80 AA) saposin-like proteins (SAPLIP) containing specific domains with three disulfid e bonds bridging six cysteine residues. The diversity of SAPLIPS is likely explained by their involvement in distinct phases of engulfed bacteria digesting. Functionally similar SAPLIP were identified in a wide range of species — from amoeba to mammals, including humans. Saposins per se form a subfamily with six members: saposins A-D and the protein GM2 which possesses activatory functions. SAP do not have enzymatic activity, are heat-stable and protease resistant. The major in vivo function of SAP is released via participation in sphyngolipid catabolism and membrane digestion. In addition, complex association of SAP with membrane bi-layer and CD1 glycolipids is essential for loading lipid antigens onto antigen-presenting CD1 molecules for subsequent activation of lipid-specific T-cells. Of particular interest is participation of SAP in cross-presentation of bacterial antigens to CD8+ T-cells. A broad spectrum of SAP and SAPLIP involvement in the reactions of innate and adaptive immunity indicates their evolutionary conserved role in host defense.

About the authors

V. V. Yeremeev

Центральный НИИ туберкулеза РАМН, Москва

Author for correspondence.
Email: yeremeev56@mail.ru

д.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории иммуногенетики

107564, Москва, Яузская аллея, 2

Russian Federation

A. S. Apt

Центральный НИИ туберкулеза РАМН, Москва

Email: yeremeev56@mail.ru
Russian Federation

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